There are many kinds of chemical substances, a large part of which are dangerous chemicals, which have different degrees of combustion, explosion, corrosion and radioactive characteristics. In case of fire accidents of hazardous chemicals, if the fire extinguishing methods are improper and the measures are not effective, the fire may expand, even lead to explosion and poisoning accidents, resulting in huge property losses and personal casualties. Therefore, the majority of workers and firefighters engaged in chemical production must master the physical and chemical properties of these substances and learn the correct fire-fighting methods.

　　易燃和可燃液體火災(zāi)撲救

　　Fire fighting of flammable and combustible liquids液體火災(zāi)特別是易燃液體火災(zāi)發(fā)展迅速而猛烈，有時甚至?xí)l(fā)生爆炸。這類物品發(fā)生的火災(zāi)主要根據(jù)它們的比重大小，能否溶于水等性質(zhì)來確定滅火方法。

　　Liquid fire, especially flammable liquid fire, develops rapidly and violently, and sometimes even explodes. The fire fighting method of this kind of goods is determined according to their specific gravity and water solubility.
                

　　一般來說，對比水輕（比重小于1）又不溶于水的易燃和可燃液體，如苯、甲苯、汽油、煤油、輕柴油等的火災(zāi)，可用泡沫或干粉撲救。初始起火時，燃燒面積不大或燃燒物不多時，也可用二氧化碳滅火劑撲救。但不能用水撲救，因?yàn)楫?dāng)用水撲救時，易燃可燃液體比水輕，會浮在水面上隨水流淌而擴(kuò)大火災(zāi)。如梅山冶金公司焦化廠，由于工人操作不當(dāng)，致使2t多苯從下水道流入長江，在江面上擴(kuò)散面積很大。適逢掛有5條木船的"海電1號"輪船?？吭诮叡茱L(fēng)，一船員將未燃盡的火紫丟入江中，遇苯起火，燒壞船只。

　　Generally speaking, flammable and combustible liquids, such as benzene, toluene, gasoline, kerosene and light diesel oil, can be extinguishing with foam or dry powder in comparison with light water (less than 1) and water-insoluble flammable and combustible liquids. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent can also be used to put out the fire when the initial fire occurs, when the combustion area is small or there are not many combustibles. However, it can not be put out with water, because the flammable and combustible liquid will float on the water surface and expand the fire with the water flowing. For example, in the coking plant of Meishan Metallurgical Company, due to improper operation of workers, 2 tons of benzene flowed into the Yangtze River from the sewer, and the diffusion area was large on the river surface. It happened that the "Haidian No.1" ship with five wooden boats was berthing at the river for shelter. A crew member threw the unburned fire purple into the river, and caught fire in benzene and burned the ship.

　　比水重（比重大于1）而不溶于水的液體，如二硫化碳、萘、蒽等著火時，可用水撲救，但覆蓋在液體表面的水層必須有一定厚度，方能壓住火焰。但是，被壓在水下面的液體溫度都比較高，現(xiàn)場消防人員應(yīng)注意不要燙傷。如某廠萘著火用水撲救，大量高溫萘（最低溫度80℃以上）被壓在水下面，多人在滅火過程中被水下面的高溫萘燙傷。

　　When a liquid, such as carbon disulfide, naphthalene, anthracene, etc., is on fire, it can be put out by water. However, the water layer covering the surface of the liquid must have a certain thickness to suppress the flame. However, the temperature of the liquid under the water is relatively high, and the fire fighters on site should pay attention to avoid scalding. For example, a large number of high-temperature naphthalene (the minimum temperature above 80 ℃) was pressed under the water, and many people were scalded by the high-temperature naphthalene under the water during the fire-fighting process.

　　能溶于水的液體，如甲醇、乙醇等醇類，醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯等酯類，丙酮、丁酮等酮類發(fā)生火災(zāi)時，應(yīng)用霧狀水或抗溶性泡沫、干粉等來滅火劑撲救。在火災(zāi)初期或燃燒物不多時，也可用二氧化碳撲救。如使用化學(xué)泡沫滅火時，泡沫強(qiáng)度必須比撲救不溶于水的易燃液體大3-5倍。

　　Water soluble liquids, such as alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and other esters, such as acetone, butanone and ketones, are used to extinguish fire when they are in fire. In the early stage of fire or when there are not many combustibles, carbon dioxide can also be used to put out the fire. If chemical foam is used to extinguish fire, the foam strength must be 3-5 times larger than that of flammable liquid which is insoluble in water.

　　敞口容器內(nèi)易燃可燃液體著火，不能用砂土撲救。因?yàn)樯巴练堑荒芨采w液體表面，反而會沉積于容器底部，造成液位上升以致溢出，使火災(zāi)蔓延。

　　The combustible liquid in the open container catches fire and cannot be put out by sand. Instead of covering the liquid surface, sand will deposit on the bottom of the container, causing the liquid level to rise and overflow, thus spreading the fire.

　　以上是關(guān)于精萘等化學(xué)物質(zhì)著火的滅火方法的相關(guān)介紹，希望對大家有所幫助，想要了解更多內(nèi)容歡迎點(diǎn)擊我們的精萘廠家http://gaozhifeng.com網(wǎng)站。

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