在化工江湖里，精萘是個(gè)“低調(diào)大佬”——它從煤焦油中提純而來，身價(jià)雖不及金剛石耀眼，卻滲透進(jìn)染料、醫(yī)藥、軍工等十幾個(gè)行業(yè)，堪稱“工業(yè)維生素”。

　　In the chemical industry, refined naphthalene is a "low-key expert" - it is purified from coal tar, and although its value is not as dazzling as diamond, it has penetrated into more than ten industries such as dyes, pharmaceuticals, and military industry, and can be called an "industrial vitamin".

　　一、染料界“調(diào)色大師”

　　1、 The master of color matching in the dye industry

　　直接染料“基底液”：

　　Direct dye "base solution":

　　精萘是合成“直接耐曬黑G”的核心原料，這種染料能讓棉布經(jīng)得起100℃沸水煮、40次工業(yè)洗滌不褪色。

　　Naphthalene is the core raw material for synthesizing "direct sun resistant black G". This dye can make cotton fabrics withstand boiling water at 100 ℃ and 40 industrial washes without fading.

　　案例：某印染廠用含精萘的染料處理工作服，色牢度提升3級(jí)，重染率下降60%。

　　Case: A certain printing and dyeing factory treated work clothes with dyes containing refined naphthalene, which improved color fastness by 3 levels and reduced re dyeing rate by 60%.

　　酸性染料“增艷劑”：

　　Acid dye "brightening agent":

　　精萘衍生物“H酸”是酸性染料的關(guān)鍵中間體，能讓羊毛、絲綢呈現(xiàn)艷麗色澤。

　　The refined naphthalene derivative "H-acid" is a key intermediate of acidic dyes, which can make wool and silk present bright colors.

　　高端玩法：用精萘合成“熒光增白劑”，讓白紙白度突破150%（ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)），堪稱“造紙界的美顏相機(jī)”。

　　High end gameplay: Using refined naphthalene to synthesize "fluorescent whitening agent", the whiteness of white paper exceeds 150% (ISO standard), making it the "beauty camera" of the paper industry.

　　二、醫(yī)藥圈“隱形英雄”

　　2、 Invisible heroes in the pharmaceutical industry

　　止痛藥“靈魂配料”：

　　Painkillers' soul ingredients':

　　精萘經(jīng)磺化、氯化可制得“萘普生”，這種非甾體抗炎藥年銷量超百億片，是關(guān)節(jié)炎患者的“救命藥”。

　　Naphthalene can be sulfonated and chlorinated to produce "naproxen", a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with an annual sales volume of over 10 billion tablets, which is a "life-saving medicine" for arthritis patients.

　　驅(qū)蟲藥“特效成分”：

　　Insect repellent "special ingredients":

　　精萘氧化產(chǎn)物“α-萘酚”是驅(qū)蟲藥“撲蟯靈”的活性成分，能麻痹蟯蟲神經(jīng)，兒童用藥量需精確到0.1mg/kg。

　　The oxidation product of refined naphthalene, α - naphthol, is the active ingredient of the anthelmintic drug "Puxianling", which can paralyze the nerves of pinworms. The dosage for children should be precise to 0.1mg/kg.

　　三、軍工領(lǐng)域“硬核材料”

　　3、 Hard nuclear materials in the military industry

　　火箭燃料“助推劑”：

　　Rocket fuel "booster":

　　精萘與硝酸反應(yīng)生成“二硝基萘”，比沖性能比傳統(tǒng)燃料提升15%，用于某型固體火箭發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。

　　The reaction between refined naphthalene and nitric acid produces "dinitronaaphthalene", which has a specific impulse performance 15% higher than traditional fuels and is used in a certain type of solid rocket engine.

　　安全警示：二硝基萘生產(chǎn)需在-5℃以下進(jìn)行，否則易自燃引發(fā)爆炸。

　　Safety warning: The production of dinitro naphthalene must be carried out below -5 ℃, otherwise it is prone to spontaneous combustion and explosion.

　　炸藥“穩(wěn)定器”：

　　Explosive stabilizer:

　　精萘衍生物“萘酚”能降低炸藥感度，使TNT在運(yùn)輸中撞擊不爆炸，儲(chǔ)存壽命延長至10年。

　　Naphthol, a derivative of refined naphthalene, can reduce the sensitivity of explosives, prevent TNT from exploding upon impact during transportation, and extend its storage life to 10 years.

　　四、新材料“魔法粉末”

　　4、 New material 'Magic Powder'

　　減水劑“增效劑”：

　　Water reducing agent "synergist":

　　精萘磺化產(chǎn)物“萘系減水劑”能讓混凝土流動(dòng)性提升30%，高鐵軌枕、核電站安全殼都用它“瘦身”。

　　The refined naphthalene sulfonation product "naphthalene based water reducer" can increase the fluidity of concrete by 30%, and it is used to "slim down" high-speed rail sleepers and nuclear power plant safety shells.

　　環(huán)保突破：第三代萘系減水劑廢水COD（化學(xué)需氧量）下降80%，告別“高污染”標(biāo)簽。

　　Environmental breakthrough: The COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the wastewater from the third-generation naphthalene based water reducing agent has decreased by 80%, bidding farewell to the label of "high pollution".

　　碳材料“前驅(qū)體”：

　　Carbon material precursor:

　　精萘高溫裂解可制得“中間相瀝青”，進(jìn)一步紡絲得到“碳纖維”，強(qiáng)度是鋼的10倍，用于C919大飛機(jī)機(jī)翼。

　　High temperature cracking of refined naphthalene can produce "intermediate phase asphalt", which can be further spun to obtain "carbon fiber" with a strength 10 times that of steel. It is used for the wings of C919 large aircraft.

　　五、避坑指南：精萘使用“紅線”

　　5、 Avoiding pitfalls guide: Use the "red line" for refined naphthalene

　　防爆三件套：

　　Explosion proof three piece set:

　　精萘粉塵遇明火會(huì)爆炸，生產(chǎn)車間需配防爆燈、泄爆口、靜電消除器，缺一不可。

　　Naphthalene dust will explode when exposed to open flames, and the production workshop needs to be equipped with explosion-proof lamps, explosion vents, and static eliminators, all of which are indispensable.

　　職業(yè)防護(hù)：

　　Occupational protection:

　　工人需佩戴防毒面具+防護(hù)服，精萘蒸汽濃度超10mg/m3會(huì)引發(fā)頭暈、惡心，長期接觸可能致癌。

　　Workers need to wear gas masks and protective clothing. Does the concentration of naphthalene vapor exceed 10mg/m3 May cause dizziness and nausea, and long-term exposure may lead to cancer.

　　精萘不是“配角”，而是工業(yè)革命的“燃料”

　　Refined naphthalene is not a "supporting role", but a "fuel" of the industrial revolution

　　從染缸到火箭發(fā)射臺(tái)，精萘用化學(xué)魔法串聯(lián)起現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。記?。簺]有“萬能原料”，只有不斷被開發(fā)的潛能。下次再看到五彩斑斕的布料、呼嘯升空的火箭時(shí)，不妨想想那個(gè)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里被提純、被改性的精萘分子——它雖小，卻撐起了工業(yè)文明的半壁江山。

　　From dye vat to rocket launch pad, refined naphthalene uses chemical magic to connect various links of modern industry. Remember: there is no universal material, only the potential that is constantly being developed. The next time you see colorful fabrics and rockets roaring into the sky, think about the refined and modified naphthalene molecule in the laboratory - it is small, but it holds up half of the industrial civilization.

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