萘又稱焦油樟腦、并二苯、分子式C10H8。帶煤焦油味的白色結(jié)晶。分子量128.17。比重1.162(20/4℃)。熔點(diǎn)80.6℃。沸點(diǎn)219.9℃。閃點(diǎn)87.80℃。蒸氣壓0.011kPa(25℃)。蒸氣比重4.40?？諝庵酗柡蜐舛?.01(101.31kPa，25℃)。爆炸極限0.9%～5.9%。難溶于水，溶于乙醇，易溶于乙醚等有機(jī)溶劑。易揮發(fā)，易升華。用作塑料、染料、制藥的原料和中間體，也用于作消毒劑、防腐劑和家用防蛀劑。

Naphthalene is also known as tar camphor, dibenzo, and molecular formula C10H8. White crystals with a smell of coal tar. Molecular weight 128.17. Specific gravity 1.162 (20/4 ℃). The melting point is 80.6 ℃. The boiling point is 219.9 ℃. Flash point 87.80 ℃. The vapor pressure is 0.011 kPa (25 ℃). The specific gravity of the vapor is 4.40. The saturation concentration in the air is 0.01 (101.31 kPa, 25 ℃). The explosion limit is 0.9% to 5.9%. It is insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, and easily soluble in organic solvents such as ether. Easy to volatilize and sublimate. It is used as a raw material and intermediate for plastics, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and also as a disinfectant, preservative, and household moth repellent.

短時(shí)間內(nèi)大吸入萘蒸氣及粉塵可引起急性中毒，眼和呼吸道刺激癥狀、頭痛、惡心、嘔吐、多汗、食欲減退、腰痛、尿頻等。嚴(yán)重者可引起溶血、肝腎損害、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)損害，還可導(dǎo)致眼晶狀體混濁。

Large inhalation of naphthalene vapor and dust within a short period of time can cause acute poisoning, eye and respiratory tract irritation, headache, nausea, vomiting, hyperhidrosis, loss of appetite, low back pain, frequent urination, etc. In severe cases, it can cause hemolysis, liver and kidney damage, neurological damage, and lens opacity.

精萘廠家提醒您，口服中毒也有類(lèi)似上述癥狀?？诜滤懒啃?g，吸入致死量5g～15g。皮膚接觸可致皮炎和濕疹樣表現(xiàn)。防治：吸入中毒者應(yīng)脫離有毒環(huán)境，脫去污染衣物，清洗眼和皮膚污染處?？诜叽咄?、洗胃、導(dǎo)瀉。靜脈滴注10%葡萄糖溶液以促進(jìn)毒物排泄。

The refined naphthalene manufacturer reminds you that oral poisoning also has similar symptoms. The oral lethal dose for children is 2g, and the inhalation lethal dose is 5-15g. Skin contact can cause dermatitis and eczema like symptoms. Prevention and treatment: People who inhale poisoning should leave the toxic environment, take off contaminated clothing, and clean contaminated areas of the eyes and skin. Take orally to induce vomiting, gastric lavage, and diarrhea. Intravenous infusion of 10% glucose solution to promote the excretion of toxins.

對(duì)急性溶血者給予地塞米松和碳酸氫鈉。對(duì)病情嚴(yán)重者可行血液透析或換血療法。保護(hù)肝腎及其它對(duì)癥治療。中毒后忌油脂類(lèi)及酒精。萘作業(yè)環(huán)境應(yīng)有良好通風(fēng)，室溫不宜過(guò)高。作業(yè)人員應(yīng)加強(qiáng)個(gè)人防護(hù)。以萘為原料制取的主要化工中間體和產(chǎn)品如下所示：

Patients with acute hemolysis were given dexamethasone and sodium bicarbonate. Hemodialysis or blood exchange therapy is recommended for severe cases. Protect liver and kidney and other symptomatic treatments. Avoid oils and alcohol after poisoning. The naphthalene working environment should be well ventilated and the room temperature should not be too high. Operators should strengthen personal protection. The main chemical intermediates and products produced from naphthalene are as follows:

萘分子中所有的原子處在同一平面上，每個(gè)碳原子都以sp2雜化軌道與相鄰碳原子的sp2雜化軌道或氫原子的1s軌道形成σ鍵，10個(gè)碳原子未參與雜化的p軌道垂直于萘環(huán)平面，相互平行，從側(cè)面重疊，形成環(huán)閉的大π鍵，具有芳香性。

"All the atoms in the naphthalene molecule are in the same plane, and each carbon atom is formed with a sp2 hybrid orbital with the sp2 hybrid orbital of the adjacent carbon atom or the 1s orbital of the hydrogen atom." σ Bond, the p-orbitals of the 10 carbon atoms that are not involved in the hybridization are perpendicular to the plane of the naphthalene ring, parallel to each other, and overlap from the side, forming a large π bond that is cyclically closed and aromatic.

分子中10個(gè)碳原子所處位置不完全等同，其中1，4，5，8位相同，稱為α-位；2，3，6，7位相同，稱為β-位。環(huán)上電子密度和碳碳鍵鍵長(zhǎng)不完全相同，芳香性比苯差。萘比苯容易發(fā)生取代反應(yīng)——鹵代、硝化、磺化和傅氏反應(yīng)。

The positions of 10 carbon atoms in a molecule are not exactly the same, with positions 1, 4, 5, and 8 being the same, called α- Bit; Bits 2, 3, 6, and 7 are the same, called β- Bit. The electron density on the ring and the length of the carbon carbon bond are not exactly the same, and the aromaticity is worse than that of benzene. Naphthalene is more prone to substitution reactions than benzene - halogenation, nitration, sulfonation, and Fourier reaction.

α-碳原子上的電子密度較高，生成α-取代產(chǎn)物的速率較快;β-取代產(chǎn)物穩(wěn)定性較大。取代反應(yīng)中α-和β-取代產(chǎn)物的比例決定于試劑的性質(zhì)、催化劑、溶劑、溫度等因素。如鹵代和硝化反應(yīng)是不可逆的，一般主要生成α-取代產(chǎn)物，其中溴代反應(yīng)不需要催化劑就能發(fā)生：

α- The electron density on the carbon atom is high, resulting in α- The rate of substitution products is faster; β- The substituted product has greater stability. In substitution reaction α- and β- The proportion of substituted products depends on factors such as the nature of the reagent, catalyst, solvent, and temperature. If halogenation and nitrification reactions are irreversible, they are generally mainly generated α- Substitution products in which the bromination reaction can occur without a catalyst:

萘是重要的化工原料，約有80%的萘用來(lái)制取鄰苯二甲酸酐，并進(jìn)一步合成增塑劑及一些染料。其余用作染料中間體及生產(chǎn)鞣革、表面活性劑。少量用于代替樟腦制衛(wèi)生丸，利用其特殊氣味供家庭衣物驅(qū)蟲(chóng)防蛀用。您對(duì)該產(chǎn)品還有什么要了解的事情就來(lái)我們網(wǎng)站http://gaozhifeng.com咨詢！

Naphthalene is an important chemical raw material, with about 80% of it used to produce phthalic anhydride and further synthesize plasticizers and some dyes. The rest are used as dye intermediates and in the production of tanning and surface active agents. A small amount is used to replace camphor in making sanitary pills, and its special smell is used for repelling insects and moths in household clothing. If you have any further information about this product, please come to our website http://gaozhifeng.com consulting service